The Workout of Banking Crises: A Macroeconomic Perspective

This paper provides a macroeconomic perspective for governmentinterventions in banking crisis. Such crisis occur when a largenumber of banks fail to meet capital requirements or are insolvent.Using a macroeconomic model with financial intermediation, ouranalyis suggests that strict enforcement of capital-adequaterules suffices in prosperous periods. Capital requirements serveas an indicator for crises interventions in critical stateswhich may require interest rate intervention and restructuringof the banking industry. These policies can be reinforced byrandom bailouts and temporary financial relief, with a largepercentage of the costs being covered by current and futureowners of banks. (JEL D41, E4, G2)     

中小企业融资与发展中小金融机构

一个国家的经济稳定持续增长离不开数量众多的中小企业，特别是在稳定经济、吸纳就业、出口创汇和提供社会服务等方面，中小企业的作用是不可或缺的。我国中小企业的发展状况与美国相比，相距甚远，研究美国中小企业的融资模式对解决我国现存的中小企业融资困境具有一定的参考价值。本文就中小企业融资与发展中小金融机构提高了我国相应的几点建议与对策。     

Are Securitizations in Substance Sales or Secured Borrowings? Capital‐Market Evidence*

Two standard‐setting approaches have emerged globally to guide the choice of accounting for securitizations: the control and components approach (SFAS No. 125 and SFAS No. 140) and the risks and rewards transfer approach (IAS No. 39). A lack of consensus about derecognition accounting is a major impediment to achieving convergence in global standards that must be resolved. Thus, both SFAS No. 140 and IAS No. 39 will be reexamined, and evidence pertinent to the debate is timely and important. In this study, we present evidence consistent with the view of credit‐rating analysts, who view many securitizations as, in substance, secured borrowings. Specifically, for a sample of originators applying sale accounting guidance in SFAS No. 125 / 140 during the period 1997‐2003, we show that off‐balance‐sheet debt related to securitizations has, on average, the same risk‐relevance for explaining market measures of risk (that is, CAPM beta) as on‐balance‐sheet debt. We also find that, in a returns and earnings association framework, the pricing multiple on securitization gains declines as the amount of off‐balance‐sheet debt increases, implying that investors take off‐balance‐sheet debt into account when assessing the valuation‐relevance of such gains. For those who advocate the control and components approach to securitization accounting, our results suggest that, at least for frequent securitizers, the put option arising from implicit recourse is a “missing piece” that is not currently accounted for when calculating securitization gains. Our results challenge the extant measurement standards in SFAS No. 140.     

对新疆财政工作的现实思考

在市场经济条件下,财政具有优化资源配置、调节收入分配和协调经济发展等重要功能。因此,做好财政工作对经济快速发展和社会全面进步具有重要的推动作用。本文主要对新疆财政收支的基本状况、财政工作中存在的问题及新疆财政工作的特殊性进行了分析,在此基础上提出了今后新疆财政工作的基本思路。     

2005年国际金融市场回顾与2006年展望

2005年的国际金融市场走势跌宕起伏,股票市场表现不一,债券市场基本上是区间波动走势,外汇市场美元一枝独秀,石油价格冲高回落而黄金的表现也引人注目。决定市场走势的因素是美国经济表现稳健,欧、日经济相形见绌,同时美国利率持续上升。2006年受房地产市场降温的影响,美国经济可能温和放缓,利率很快见顶,将对金融市场产生重大影响,总体而言风险加大。     

Financial Globalization,Social Exclusion and Financial Crisis

This paper suggests one set of mechanisms that ties financial globalization processes to local dynamics of financial inclusion or exclusion. Specifically, this paper explores the worldwide reconsideration of financial firms’ strategies that has accompanied financial globalization. It is shown that the neoliberal and asymmetric‐information approaches to credit markets and financial crises in developing economies overlook these dimensions of financial globalization because of their tendency to focus on representative credit markets. Banks’ strategic shift has led to the global homogenization and stratification of financial practices—and this in turn has been a key driver of processes of financial exclusion. Financial exclusion then involves bifurcation within financial markets, so that different markets serve different portions of the household and business population. This analysis suggests a reconstruction of Minsky’s microfoundational model of the origins of financial fragility and crisis, which shifts from Minsky’s emphasis on a representative borrower–lender relationship to a situation of borrower–lender relationships in bifurcated markets.     

金融资本国际化绩效与条件分析

金融资本国际化一方面促进利率水平提高,从而促进储蓄增加;另一方面影响投资规模和投资效率,进而影响经济绩效。一国实施金融资本国际化的条件可以分为国内条件,即初始条件和对外条件,即可实施条件两个方面。     

我国财务会计概念框架重要性和可行性探讨

本文从各国财务会计概念框架的实践现状和会计准则的概念框架特征入手,对我国建立概念框架的重要性、可行性进行分析,同时对我国准则制订机构和制订程序的优化提出了初步的建议。     

上市公司利润泡沫的剖析

利润是企业经营成果的集中体现,也是衡量企业经营管理业绩的主要指标之一。随着财务报告信息在市场经济中地位的不断提升,部分上市公司为了寻求对自己有利的财务成果,不惜一切手法操纵利润,甚至采用欺诈手段不合法地调整企业的利润,形成了泡沫利润,损害了投资者的利益,影响了我国证券市场的正常发展。本文针对目前上市公司财务报表的利润浮夸现象,就企业泡沫利润的形成原因、手段进行分析,并对如何识别泡沫利润的手段提出了初浅的看法,最后提出了相应的防范措施。     

企业契约形式、财权安排与财务治理演进

本文认为,企业契约形式与财权安排及财务治理具有非常密切的内在联系。对我国不同时期企业契约形式的考察,发现财权安排具有内在逻辑,企业财务治理在不同历史时期具有不同的演进特征。